Mord begeht, wer
- einen anderen
- vorsätzlich
- tötet.
- Handlung:
Grundsätzlich kann nur ein lebendiger Mensch getötet werden. Das menschliche Leben beginnt mit den Eröffnungswehen bzw. mit dem Operationsbeginn beim Kaiserschnitt. Von einer geeigneten Tötungshandlung ist die Rede, wenn es sich um eine im Hinblick auf das Leben objektiv sorgfaltswidrige Handlung handelt. Darunter ist jedes Tun oder Unterlassen zu verstehen, das für den Tod eines anderen Menschen ursächlich ist. Weiters muss sich der Tod des Opfers aus der besonderen Gefährlichkeit der Täterhandlung ergeben. Im Fachjargon spricht man hier vom Risikozusammenhang.
- Erfolg:
Der Taterfolg besteht darin, dass die verbleibende Lebensspanne verkürzt worden ist. Wie bereits erwähnt muss die Tathandlung zur Erfüllung des Tatbestands vorsätzlich geschehen. Jener Tötungsvorsatz ist als gegeben anzusehen, wenn es dem Täter darauf ankommt das Opfer zu töten, wenn er weiß, dass seine Handlung zum Tod führen wird, oder falls der Täter es ernsthaft für möglich hält, dass seine Handlung zum Tod des Opfers führen kann und sich damit abfindet. Zudem muss der Täter entschlossen sein und sich mit dem Tod des Opfers abfinden.
- Strafbemessung:
Generell ist die Überlegung vor der Tathandlung kein Merkmal des Mordvorsatzes, denn Mord kann auch spontan und im heftigen Affekt begangen werden. Ob dies der Fall ist, kann Mag. Robert Rieger, Rechtsanwalt in Wels, abschätzen. In diesen Fällen greift der speziellere § 76 ein, der eine Strafdrohung von fünf bis zehn Jahren Freiheitsstrafe vorschreibt. § 75 bleibt für jene Fälle übrig, die § 76 nahekommen, wie etwa die Begehung der Tat in einer allgemein begreiflichen großen seelischen Belastung, die nicht zur spontanen Tat führt, aber denselben Strafrahmen wie § 76 verdient.
Neben der entfernten Beteiligung und dem Versuch sind für eine milde Strafbemessung besonders Schuldgesichtspunkte von Bedeutung, an ihrer Spitze die verminderteZurechnungsfähigkeit gefolgt von rechtsethisch begreiflichen Motiven bzw. entsprechend zu beurteilender seelischer Anspannung oder Provokation.
Die Strafzumessungslösung gewährt unter Einbeziehung des Milderungsrechts einen überaus weiten Strafrahmen von einem Jahr bis zur lebenslangen Freiheitsstrafe:
1. die gelegentliche Höchststufe der lebenslangen Strafe (§ 75),
2. die normale Mittelstufe von zehn bis zu 20 Jahren (§ 75) und
3. die seltene Unterstufe von einem Jahr bis zu zehn Jahren (§ 41 Abs 1 Z 1).
Die Höchststufe entspricht dem, was man im Ausland unter Mord versteht bzw. was die Entwürfe mit dem qualifizierten Mord erfassen wollten. Die Mittelstufe umfasst den Bereich der einfachen vorsätzlichen Tötung. Die in Österreich durch das Milderungsrecht eröffnete Unterstufe erfasst den unteren Bereich der einfachen vorsätzlichen Tötung.
- Strafbemessung für 14- bis 18-jährige:
Für die 14- bis 18-jährigen jugendlichen Täter sowie für die 18- bis 21-jährigen jungen Erwachsenen gelten Sonderstrafrahmen. Bei Tatbegehung von § 75 StGB vor dem 16. Lebensjahr ist eine Freiheitsstrafe von einem bis zu zehn Jahren angedroht, danach von einem bis zu 15 Jahren. Die lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe entfällt.
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